格点规范理论近期进展.ppt

悼念罗向前教授 Back to physics … 目前形势和我们的任务 －－近年格点QCD进展 北京大学物理学院理论物理所 刘川 Outline 格点QCD简介 What, Why How 国际上的进展 Chiral Quenching Finite density Heavy quark Broad resonance …. 我国格点QCD的情况 参加的人员 已经完成的工作 正在进行的工作 计算资源 总结与展望 格点QCD简介 What is lattice QCD QCD的场变量定义在四维格点上 物质场定义在site上 规范场定义在link上 格点提供了自然的紫外、红外截断 Why lattice QCD 强相互作用的非微扰特性 格点QCD是系统处理QCD非微扰性质的理论方法 非微扰的定义（path integral） 非微扰的计算（Monte Carlo） How to do lattice QCD Monte Carlo simulations 格点QCD近年进展 格点QCD的几个困难问题 Chirality Quenched vs. unquenched Finite density Heavy quark Broad resonance …… All boils down to not enough computers! The trouble of being chiral Chiral symmetry is crucial for QCD Nielsen-Ninomiya (no-go) theorem Locality Hermitian Correct low-momentum limit Chiral: NO fermion matrix D can satisfy all of the above 4 conditions Chirality Becomes More Complicated on Lattices Chiral properties of LQCD depend on The type of lattice fermion being used Quenched or unquenched Variants of lattice fermions Wilson fermion Improved Wilson Staggered (Kogut-Susskind) fermion Improved Staggered Domain wall fermion Overlap fermion Chiral fermions on the lattice Chiral extrapolation (practical problem) All lattice simulations (quenched or unquenched) are performed at a quark mass value higher than that of physical ud quarks. All lattice QCD calculations involving light quarks need chiral extrapolation Chiral fermions (more fundamental problem) How to put chiral fermions on the lattice How to define chiral gauge theory non-perturbatively, etc. Quenched vs. unquenched Quenched Ignore (apart from trivial renormalization effects) internal quark loops Gauge field conf. generated via pure gauge Partially quenched Gauge field conf. generated at some sea quark mass values Valance quark mass NOT equal to sea quark mass Unquenched Just don’t quench! Unquenched conf.s on the market (incomplete) MILC conf.s: Symanzik improved gauge (2+1) flavor improved staggered (AsqTad) CP-PACS/JLQCD conf.s: RG improved gauge (2+1) flavor Clover