Measuring Research and Experimental Development测量研究与实验开发.pptVIP

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Measuring Research and Experimental Development测量研究与实验开发.ppt

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Measuring Research and Experimental Development测量研究与实验开发

Measuring innovation Measuring Innovation Oslo Manual - 2005: (Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data) (central reference document for the statistical definition of innovation and forms the basis for surveys of innovation throughout the world) UIS - Annex to the Oslo Manual Measuring Innovation in Developing countries WHY measure innovation? Innovation – key to the growth of output and productivity. The relationship between innovation and economic development is widely acknowledged. Innovation policy should be evidence-based. Innovation data – to better understand innovation and its relation to economic growth; to provide indicators for benchmarking national performance. WHAT is innovation Aninnovationis the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. The innovation measurement framework Chain-linked model of innovation (Rosenberg Kline, 1986) Symbols Types of innovations Product innovation: introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes significant improvements in technical specifications, components and materials, incorporated software, user friendliness or other functional characteristics. Process innovation: implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method. This includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or software. Marketing innovation: implementation of a new marketing method involving significant changes in product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing. Organisational innovation: implementation of a new organisational method in the firm’s business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. Degree of novelty Diffusion New to the firm New to the market New to the world Disruptive innov