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Parallel Programming in C with MPI and OpenMP cs并行编程在C与MPI和OpenMP CS.kent.ppt

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Parallel Programming in C with MPI and OpenMP cs并行编程在C与MPI和OpenMP CS.kent

Parallel Programmingin C with MPI and OpenMP Michael J. Quinn Chapter 1 Motivation and History Outline Motivation Modern scientific method Evolution of supercomputing Modern parallel computers Seeking concurrency Data clustering case study Programming parallel computers Why Faster Computers? Solve compute-intensive problems faster Make infeasible problems feasible Reduce design time Solve larger problems in same amount of time Improve answer’s precision Reduce design time Gain competitive advantage Concepts Parallel computing Using parallel computer to solve single problems faster Parallel computer Multiple-processor system supporting parallel programming Parallel programming Programming in a language that supports concurrency explicitly MPI Main Parallel Language in Text MPI = “Message Passing Interface” Standard specification for message-passing libraries Libraries available on virtually all parallel computers Free libraries also available for networks of workstations or commodity clusters OpenMP Another Parallel Language in Text OpenMP an application programming interface (API) for shared-memory systems Supports higher performance parallel programming of symmetrical multiprocessors Classical Science Modern Scientific Method Grand Challenge to Computational Science Categories (1989) Quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and relativistic physics Cosmology and astrophysics Computational fluid dynamics and turbulence Materials design and superconductivity Biology, pharmacology, genome sequencing, genetic engineering, protein folding, enzyme activity, and cell modeling Medicine, and modeling of human organs and bones Global weather and environmental modeling Weather Prediction Atmosphere is divided into 3D cells Data includes temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction, etc Recorded at regular time intervals in each cell There are about 5×103 cells of 1 mile cubes. Calculations would take a modern computer over 100 days to perform calculations n