Parallel algorithms for 3D Reconstruction of Asymmetric非对称三维重建的并行算法.pptVIP

ISCIS Antalya November 5, 2003 Introduction to Quantum Computing andQuantum Information Theory Dan C. Marinescu and Gabriela M. Marinescu Computer Science Department University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida 32816, USA Acknowledgments The material presented is from the book Lectures on Quantum Computing by Dan C. Marinescu and Gabriela M. Marinescu Prentice Hall, 2004 Work supported by National Science Foundation grants MCB9527131, DBI0296107,ACI0296035, and EIA0296179. Contents I. Computing and the Laws of Physics II. A Happy Marriage; Quantum Mechanics Computers III. Qubits and Quantum Gates IV. Quantum Parallelism V. Deutsch’s Algorithm VI. Bell States, Teleportation, and Dense Coding VII. Summary Technological limits For the past two decades we have enjoyed Gordon Moore’s law. But all good things may come to an end… We are limited in our ability to increase the density and the speed of a computing engine. Reliability will also be affected to increase the speed we need increasingly smaller circuits (light needs 1 ns to travel 30 cm in vacuum) smaller circuits ? systems consisting only of a few particles subject to Heissenberg uncertainty Energy/operation If there is a minimum amount of energy dissipated to perform an elementary operation, then to increase the speed, thus the number of operations performed each second, we require a liner increase of the amount of energy dissipated by the device. The computer technology vintage year 2000 requires some 3 x 10-18 Joules per elementary operation. Even if this limit is reduced say 100-fold we shall see a 10 (ten) times increase in the amount of power needed by devices operating at a speed 103 times larger than the sped of todays devices. Power dissipation, circuit density, and speed In 1992 Ralph Merkle from Xerox PARC calculated that a 1 GHz computer operating at room temperature, with 1018 gates packed in a volume of about 1 cm3 would dissipate 3 MW of power