Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science Concepts in 皮尔森Prentice Hall物理科学概念.pptVIP

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Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science Concepts in 皮尔森Prentice Hall物理科学概念.ppt

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Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science Concepts in 皮尔森Prentice Hall物理科学概念

Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action Chapter 8 Solutions, Acids Bases 8.1 Formation of Solutions Objectives: 1. Describe how a substance can dissolve in water by dissociation, dispersion or ionization 2. Describe how physical properties of a solution can differ from those of its solute and solvent 3. Identify energy changes that occur during formation of a solution 4. Describe factors affecting the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent Dissolving: Dissociation, Dispersion or Ionization Substances can dissolve in water by three ways: 1. dissociation 2. dispersion 3. ionization Definition: dissociation is the process by which an ionic compound separates into ions Ex: NaCl Definition: dispersion is the process by which a compound breaks into small pieces that spread throughout the water Ex: sugar dissolves in water Definition: ionization is the process by which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons (forming ions) Ex: hydrogen chloride gas water react to form hydronium ion (H3O+) and chlorine ion (Cl-) Physical Properties: Solute Solvent Definition: a solute is a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution (often a solid) Definition: a solvent is the substance in which the solute dissolves (often a liquid) Solutes and solvents can take the form of solids, liquids or gases The solution takes the state of the solvent Three physical properties of a solution that can differ from those of its solute and solvent are conductivity, freezing point boiling point Definition: conductivity is the ability of a solution to conduct electricity Ex: NaCl is a poor conductor until it is placed in water dissociates Definition: the freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid Freezing point is changed with the addition of ionic compounds like MgCl2 or other ionic compounds The freezing point is lowered when ionic compounds are added Definition: the boiling point is the temperature a liquid substance becomes a gas Coola