Plant Root Intracellular Symbioses 植物根细胞内共生.pptVIP

Plant Root Endosymbioses An investigation of the genetic overlap between arbuscular mycorrhiza and root nodule symbioses The story of two intracellular symbioses First, some history: The evolution of plant root endosymbioses The thematic significance of symbioses Anton de Bary (1879): “Symbiosis is a prolonged living together of different organisms that is beneficial for at least one of them.” So what are the economics of these relationships? Plant root endosymbioses provide an ecological niche for the microsymbionts, as well as a structural background for metabolic/signal exchange between the partners and for the control of symbionts by hosts. Plants tend to deal in a currency of photosynthates and are “in it” for the acquisition of valued chemical resources: phosphates (AM), nitrogenous compounds (RNS) Biological Setting The basic plot: AM 1m: Pre-infection development (Pid) 2m: Appressorium formation (Apf) 3m: Intercellular mycelium growth (Img) 4m: Arbuscule development (Ard) 5m: Mycobiont persistence (Myp) The basic plot: RNS 1n: non-deformed root hair 2n: hair curling and infection thread (IT) initiation (Hac/Iti) 3n: IT growth in root hair (Ith) 4n: IT development in root cortex (Itr) 5n: IT development in the juvenile nodule tissue (Itn) 6n: mature nodule (with distinct meristem, infection zone, nitrogen fixation zone and zone of degredation) The cast of chemical characters and their patterns of communication Molecular model Green: the SYM pathway defined by plant genes required for both bacterial and fungal symbioses (AM RNS) Orange: the components of the bacterial recognition module (RNS) Back to the biological big picture: Have we seen this story before? Are we dealing with stock characters? The interactions of the common endosymbiotic characters are suggestive of the mechanisms involved in differential signal perception in other biological systems SYMRK/NORK conceptual receptor complex (AM and RNS) LRR-RLK CLAVATA1 (a regulator of meristem developme