Plant Structure and Function Ms植物结构与功能. Chen.pptVIP

Plant Structure and Growth 9.3 General Plant Structure All plants have roots, stems and leaves Roots: absorb water and mineral ions anchor plants to the ground provide food storage Stems: provide attachment for leaves (at nodes) transport nutrients (water and mineral ions from up from roots through xylem; organic nutrients / sugars through phloem) provide storage and support Leaves: photosynthesis gas exchange and transpiration Plant Classification Kingdom Plantae Vascular Plants have conductive (vascular) tissue (xylem and phloem) Non-vascular Plants small; no conductive (vascular) tissue – ex: bryophytes (mosses) Filicophytes have alternating life cycles (haploid and diploid) – ex: ferns Spermatophytes produce seeds Angiospermophytes (“angiosperms”) flowering plants Gymnospermophytes (“gymnosperms”) seeds are in cones (naked seeds) Dicots TWO seed leaves - ex: roses Monocots ONE seed leaf - ex: grasses, orchids Angiosperms: Monocotyledonous plants versus Dicotyledonous plants Structure MONOCOTS DICOTS Cotyledons (seed leaves) ONE TWO Leaf veins (venation) Parallel Netlike Vascular bundles in stems Arranged throughout entire stem (scattered) Arranged in a ring/ circle around edge of stem Roots Fibrous (groups of thin roots spread out into the soil) Taproot (one main vertical root with small branches off of it) Flowers Flower parts in multiples of 3’s Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 Dicot Tissues: Stems Structure Function Epidermis Protection Xylem Transport (water and mineral ions from roots up to rest of plant) Structural/ mechanical support (lignin/ lignified in terrestrial plants) Phloem Transport (organic nutrients – sugars – from “source to sink”) Cambium Region of stem cells that separate xylem and phloem; differentiate into new xylem/ phloem cells Cortex Support through turgid, fluid-filled cells (sometimes aids in storage) Pith Support through turgid, fluid-filled cells Storage Plan diagram of dicot stem tissue B. Actual image of dicot stem