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Chapter 5 Populations Section 5.1 How Populations Grow Section 5.2 Limits to Growth Section 5.3 Human Population Growth Section 4.1 Population Dynamics Compare contrast exponential and linear population growth. Relate the reproductive patterns of different populations of organisms to models of population growth. Predict effects of environmental factors on population growth What is a Population? One species spread over it geographic range (all areas it lives) Density? # in population within the geographic range 3 types: Random Uniform Clumped Population Growth Growth Rate is effected by several factors: Age Structure? number of males/females and their ages Birthrate? number of babies born a year Death rate? number of deaths a year Immigration? members entering the range Emigration? members leaving the area Types of Population Growth J-shape growth Exponential Growth: As a population gets larger, it also grows at a faster rate Always the growth rate after a succession or a new species is introduced Type of Population Growth S-shape growth Logistic Growth: After exponential growth slows down as resources become limited Growth flattens out at maximum possible population size (carrying capacity) Carrying capacity Limits to Growth The number of organisms of one species that an environment can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity When a population overshoots the carrying capacity, then limiting factors may come into effect Limits to Growth Limiting Factor? any factor that limits a populations size Food, predators, space, water, etc.. 2 Types: Density-Dependent Increase/decrease with population’s size Density-Independent Size of population has no affect Density-Dependent Limiting Factors Competition More members the more food/water that is required Kills off weaker members Predation Prey and Predator numbers are effected by each other Overcrowding Stress of crowds weakens immune systems and increases fighting Parasitism and Disease Overcrowding