POPULATION GROWTH saburchill人口增长saburchill.pptVIP

POPULATION GROWTH What is a population? A group of organism of the same species living in the same habitat at the same time where they can freely interbreed ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS How can populations change? Natality Mortality Immigration Emigration ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Natality Increases population size Each species will have its own maximum birth rate Maximum birth rates are seen when conditions are ideal This can lead to exponential growth ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Mortality Mortality reduces population growth It operates more when conditions are not ideal Overcrowding leading to competition, spread of infectious disease ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Immigration It increase population growth It operates when populations are not completely isolated ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Emigration It decrease population growth It operates when populations are not completely isolated ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Interactions Population growth = (Natality + Immigration) - (Mortality + Emigration) ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Population growth K Numbers Time 1 2 3 ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Phases of population growth Phase 1: Log or exponential phase Unlimited population growth The intrinsic rate of increase (r) Abundant food, no disease, no predators etc Phase 2: Decline or transitional phase Limiting factors slowing population growth ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Phase 3 Plateau or stationary phase No growth The limiting factors balance the population’s capacity to increase The population reaches the Carrying Capacity (K) of the environment Added limiting factors will lower K Removing a limiting factor will raise K ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Factors affecting the carrying capacity Food supply Infectious disease/parasites Competition Predation Nesting sites ? 2010 Paul Billiet ODWS Modelling population growth, the maths Population growth follows the numbers of individuals in a population through time. The models try to trace what will happen little by little as time passes by A small cha