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Process Capability Assessment Aalto过程能力评估阿尔托
Krannert School of Management / TQM / Professor Plante Process Capability Assessment Process Capability vs. Process Control Evaluating Process Performance Ability of process to produce parts that conform to engineering specifications (CONFORMANCE) Ability of process to maintain a state of statistical control; i.e., be within control limits (CONTROL) Linkages Between Process Control Process Capability Process must be in statistical control before assessing process capability. Why? Process may be in statistical control, but not capable (of meeting specifications) Process is off-center from nominal (bias) Process variability is too large relative to specifications (variation) Process is both off-center and has large variation. Relationship Between Process Variability and Product Specification Relationship Between Process Variability and Product Specification Relationship Between Process Variability and Product Specification Statistical Assessment of Process Capability Get Process in Statistical Control Statistical Assessment (Minitab or Excel) Construct histogram of individual measurements Compute probability of exceeding specifications P(?) Empirically (observed) Mathematically: … assume N(m,s) and compute (expected) Convert to defects per million (DPM) and sigma capability Compute process capability indices … Cp, Cpk Alternatives for Improving Process Capability If bias Recenter and recompute P(?), dpm, and sigma capability If too much variation Sort by 100% inspection ? Widen tolerance ? Use a more precise process (e.g., better or new technology) to reduce variation ? Use statistical methods to identify variation reduction opportunities for existing process ? Summary: Comparison of Specification Limits and Control Limits Spec limits or tolerances for product quality characteristics are: Characteristic of the part/item (product) in question Based on functional design considerations Related to/compared with an individual part measurement Used to establish a part
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