Push and Pull Production Dokuz Eyll University推拉式生产和Dokuz埃勒L大学252.pptVIP

The Key Difference Between Push and Pull Push Systems: schedule work releases based on demand. inherently due-date driven control release rate, observe WIP level Pull Systems: authorize work releases based on system status. inherently rate driven control WIP level, observe throughput Push vs. Pull Mechanics What Pull is Not! Make-to-Order: MRP with firm orders on MPS is make-to-order. But it does not limit WIP and is therefore a push system. Make-to-Stock: Pull systems do replenish inventory voids. But jobs can be associated with customer orders. Forecast Free: Toyota’s classic system made cars to forecasts. Use of takt times or production smoothing often involves production without firm orders (and hence forecasts). Push and Pull Examples Are the following systems essentially push or essentially pull? Kinko’s copy shop: Soda vending machine: “Pure” MRP system: Doctor’s office: Supermarket (goods on shelves): Tandem line with finite interstation buffers: Runway at O’Hare during peak periods: Order entry server at A: Push and Pull Line Schematics Pulling with Kanban Inventory/Order Interface Concept: Make-to-stock and make-to-order can be used in same system. Dividing point is called the inventory/order interface. This is sometimes called the push/pull interface, but since WIP could be limited or unlimited in both segments, this is not a strictly accurate term. Benefit: eliminate entire portion of cycle time seen by customers by building to stock. Implementation: kanban late customization (postponement) Example – Custom Taco Production Line Example – Quick Taco Production Line Example – IBM Panel Plant Example – HP Deskjet Supply Chain I/O Interface Conclusions Basic Tradeoff: responsiveness vs. inventory (time vs. money) moving PPI closer to customer increases responsiveness and (usually) inventory Optimal Position of I/O Interface: need for responsiveness cost of carrying inventory ? product diversification Levers: product design (postp