Quantum cascade lasers Physics and Astronomy at TAMU量子级联激光器在塔木物理学和天文学.pptVIP

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Quantum cascade lasers Physics and Astronomy at TAMU量子级联激光器在塔木物理学和天文学.ppt

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Quantum cascade lasers Physics and Astronomy at TAMU量子级联激光器在塔木物理学和天文学

?(2) ~ 105 pm/V Maximizing the product of dipoles d23d34d24 Quantum interference between cascades I and II Monolithic integration of quantum-cascade lasers with resonant optical nonlinearities Frequency down-conversion to the THz range Difference frequency generation Stokes Raman and cascade lasing Parametric down-conversion Three ways to achieve using nonlinear optics: ? ~ 100-1000 ?m, f ~ 0.3-3 THz Current THz semiconductor lasers require cryogenic temperatures They are not tunable Difference frequency generation in two-wavelength QCLs M. Belkin, F. Capasso, A. Belyanin et al. Nature photonics 1, 288 (2007). M. Belkin, F. Xie et al., APL 96, 201101 (2008) Difference frequency generation in two-wavelength QCLs 1 2 3 ωq ωp cladding Laser1 section Side contact layer Laser 2 section substrate M. Belkin, F. Capasso, A. Belyanin et al. Nature photonics 1, 288 (2007). M. Belkin, F. Xie et al., 2008 Results obtained by Feng Xie in Harvard in summer 2007 * * * * * * * * So far all QC lasers have homogeneous cascades; but intersubband transitions can do more: transparent on both energy sides, no cross abs. unipolar, cascading between stages - can make heterogeneous cascades: several typs: stacked (different E-fields across substacks OK) interdigitated cascades (NEXT TALK Trinesha) these two: two lasers don’t interfere negatively with each other step forward: cooperative cascades: supercontinuum gen. * Above threshold spectra; measured at several pulsed currents; full 6 - 8 mm spectrum above 5 A heat sink temperature ~ 50 K get continuous spectrum from 6 - 8 mm (+ 5.5 mm) short wavelength cut-off likely due from 3-1 absorption, can be corrected with other active region types (e.g. SL) * GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs; GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y/AlxIn1-xAs on InP; InAs1-xSb/AlGa1-xSb on GaSb Electron states in heterostructures K||, cm-1 0 107 1.6 E, eV 1.2 0.4 -0.025 z, A E, eV 1.54 0.16 1 0 200 100 -0.3 AlInAs GaInAs 80 A AlInAs 8-band k?p method (4 bands x 2 spins) Ga0.47In