Renal Structure and Function Arkansas State University肾结构与功能阿肯色州立大学.pptVIP

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Renal Structure and Function Arkansas State University肾结构与功能阿肯色州立大学.ppt

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Renal Structure and Function Arkansas State University肾结构与功能阿肯色州立大学

Renal Structure and Function Kidneys Paired Retroperitoneal Partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs Right slightly lower due to liver Surrounded by renal capsule Adipose capsule Renal fascia Anatomy Hilum (hilus) Renal artery and vein Cortex Medulla Renal pyramids and renal papillae Major and minor calyces Renal Pelvis Ureters Ureters connect kidneys to urinary bladder Urethra leads from bladder outside the body Kidneys make up 1 % of body mass, but receive about 25% of cardiac output. Kidney has two major functions: 1. Filtration of blood Removes metabolic wastes from the body, esp. those containing nitrogen 2. Regulation: Blood volume and composition Electrolytes Blood pH Blood pressure Nephron Functional unit of the kidney Filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion Renal corpuscle: Glomerulus – capillaries Glomerular or Bowman’s capsule Bowman’s capsule Receives filtrate Proximal convoluted tubule Reabsorption of water and solutes Nephron loop or Loop of Henle Regulates concentration of urine Distal convoluted tubule and Collecting duct Reabsorption of water and electrolytes ADH, aldosterone, ANP Tubular secretion Filtration Renal corpuscle Filtration membrane Fenestrated endothelium of capillaries Basement membrane of glomerulus Slit membrane between pedicels of podocytes Forces that influence filtration Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure Opposing forces: Plasma colloid osmotic pressure Capsular hydrostatic pressure Glomerular Filtration Rate Volume of plasma filtered / unit time Approx. 180 L /day Urine output is about 1- 2 L /day About 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed GFR influenced by: Blood pressure and blood flow Obstruction to urine outflow Loss of protein-free fluid Hormonal regulation Renin – angiotensin Aldosterone ADH ANP Juxtaglomerular apparatus Juxtaglomerular cells lie in the wall of afferent arteriole Macula densa in final portion of loop of Henle – monitor Na+ and Cl- conc. and water Control blood flow into the