Renewable Fuels Association可再生燃料协会.pptVIP

* * “THE VOICE OF THE ETHANOL INDUSTRY” FOR OVER 25 YEARS BIOFUEL STANDARDIZATION JULY 20, 2007 Renewable Fuels Association World Biofuels Outlook Output expected to reach 16 billion gallons per year in 2006 27.6 billion gallons per year by 2012 Included Ethanol and Biodiesel projections 50% increase in volume STILL ONLY REPRESENTS 2% OF THE WORLD’S FUEL OIL SUPPLIES United States Biofuels Projection Current Ethanol domestic production 6.4 billion gallons/ year Projected 12.5 billion gallons/ year by 2009 Biodiesel production projected to reach 250 million gallons/ year United States Ethanol Production Drivers Fuel Performance Ethanol a primary Octane booster Allows blending with suboctane gasoline Blending octane of 112.5 at 10% Environmental Goals Clean Air Act Amendments 1990 RFG Oxy Fuel Program Energy Security Clean Air Act Energy Policy Act 2005 Renewable Fuels Standard 20 in 10 Presidential Initiative United States Standards for Fuel Standards Gasoline Standards follow ASTM standards ASTM D 4814 Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Ethanol Standard ASTM D 5798 Ed 75 to Ed85 Fuel Ethanol Fuel Ethanol as Blend Component ASTM D 4806 Fuel Ethanol Blend Component Other Applicable Ethanol Standards Industry Water (1.0) Corrosion Inhibitors pHe- Corrosion potential in the fuel system Metals- Must not cause Engine Degradation Solvent Washed Gum- Must not cause Intake Valve Deposits Workmanship Federal Denaturant Sulfur (30 ppm) State Sulfur (10 ppm - California) Ethanol Blending Strategies United States current blending at 10% Brazil current blending at 20-25% Europe current blending at 5% India currently blending at 5% **Varied blending techniques make harmonization of blend components very difficult.** Harmonization May Not Be Achievable Base Fuels are Different Varying Crude Oil Supplies Different Environmental Targets Climate/Altitude Vary Vehicle Technology is Different Emissions Control Volatility Public Policy Objectives Vary Ethanol Current Trade Prac