Rice University Tropospheric Ozone Pollution Project 莱斯大学对流层臭氧污染项目.pptVIP

Rice University Tropospheric Ozone Pollution Project (RU-TOPP) Motivation Work to Date Future of Project Environmental Threats and Health Impacts Caused by Ozone Pollution Exacerbate/Cause Respiratory Problems Damaging to Plants Highly Reactive Can Be Transported Over Long Distances Economic Impacts from Ozone Pollution Loss of Federal Transportation Funds $30,000 per day fines to all stationary sources Factor in locating business offices Factor in attracting workers Current EPA Standards Only Address Ground-Level Ozone Stage 1: 1-Hour Standard Region must not exceed 125 ppb on more than 3 days in a consecutive 3-year period.Deadline: 2007 Stage 2: 8-Hour Standard Region must not exceed 85 ppb for the 3-year average of the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentration.Deadline: 2010 Houston Regularly Violates Both Standards 20-Year Record Shows Improvement But We’re Not There Yet Areas at Risk in the United States Severe Risk Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington, DC Serious Risk Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Hartford, Phoenix Moderate Risk Cincinnati Houston, Texas: A Case Study for Ozone Pollution Dense Ground Monitoring Networks in Urban Areas are a Good Start PAMS Photochemical Assessment  Monitoring Stations Ozone Other Species Meteorological Data Hourly Data on Web Winds Transport Ozone Pollution “Although many cities have made efforts to control ozone by reducing local emissions, incoming ozone transported from upwind areas also needs to be addressed.” (EPA) Houston Exceeds L.A. Again in 2004 Last week’s Houston Chronicle reported that Houston will again surpass L.A. for the number of violations of EPA Air Quality standards in 2004. EPA Studies O3 Production in 5 Cities Nashvilleisolated city, biogenic sources, NOx emitters (power plants) Phoenix isolated, low biogenic, low industry, dry Philadelphia and NYC inter-urban transport Houstonextensive industry, coastal Ho