Solutions Concentration Clark College解决方案集中克拉克学院.pptVIP

Solutions:Concentration Chapter 14 Solution Homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances in single phase = 1 layer Component present in largest amt = solvent Other component(s) = solute Alloys, air are all solutions (solns) Colligative properties = change of mp, bp, osmotic pressure of soln, change in vapor pressure Irrespective of solute identity Dependent on concentration Concentration Molarity (M) = moles solute/L of solution = mol/L We’re all familiar with this Drawback ? won’t give you proper amount of solvent used to make soln Molality (m) better Problem Give the concentration (in M) of 0.0012 grams of NaCl in 545 mL of water MW of NaCl = 58.442 g/mol Molality Molality (m) = moles solute/kg of solvent Let’s look to the right ? molality ? molarity Problem Give the concentration (in m) of 0.0012 grams of NaCl in 545 mL of water Density of water @ 25°C = 0.9970 g/mL MW of NaCl = 58.442 g/mol Mole fraction Mole fraction of A (XA) = nA/ntot Amt of component A/total components Soln contains 1.00 mol ethanol and 9.00 mol water Weight percent Ex: 46.1 g ethanol 162 g water Commonly used in household products like vinegar bleach Problem Concentrated sulfuric acid has a density of 1.84 g/cm3 and is 95.0% (w/w) H2SO4. MW H2SO4 = 98.079 g/mol. Calculate the molarity and the molality of this solution. Solution: molarity Solution: molality Problem A 10.7 molal solution of NaOH has a density of 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C. MW NaOH = 39.996 g/mol MW H2O = 18.0153 g/mol. Calculate the mole fraction of NaOH, the weight percentage of NaOH and the molarity of the solution. Solution More practice An aqueous soln of NaCl is created using 133 g of NaCl diluted to a total soln volume of 1.00 L. Calculate the molarity, molality, and mass percent of the soln, given a density of 1.08 g/mL and MW of NaCl = 58.442 g/mol. Solution Part per million = PPM (in grams) Ex: 1.0 ppm = 1.0 g of substance in system w/ 1.0 million g total mass @ STP water density ? 1.0 g/mL So, mg/L and ppm are