Stellar Evolution phy恒星演化物理.ohiou.pptVIP

Stellar Evolution Evolution on the Main Sequence Interior of a 1 M0 Star Evolution off the Main Sequence: Expansion into a Red Giant Red Giant Evolution (5 solar-mass star) Helium Flashes H-burning shell dumps He into He-burning shell He-flash (explosive feedback of 3a process [strong temperature dependence!] due to heating of He-burning shell) Expansion and cooling of H-burning shell H-burning reduced Energy production in He-burning shell reduced H-shell re-contracts Renewed onset of H-burning Summary of Post-Main-Sequence Evolution of Stars The Final Breaths of Sun-Like Stars: Planetary Nebulae Planetary Nebulae Fusion into Heavier Elements Summary of Post-Main-Sequence Evolution of Stars Evidence for Stellar Evolution: HR Diagram of the Star Cluster M 55 Estimating the Age of a Cluster Stellar Populations * 0 Zero-Age Main Sequence (ZAMS) MS evolution Development of an isothermal core: dT/dr = (3/4ac) (kr/T3) (Lr/4pr2) Lr = 0 = T = const. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Mass fraction (along r) L (4.3 x 109 yr) XH (4.3 x 109 yr) T (4.3 x 109 yr) L (9.2 x 109 yr) XH (9.2 x 109 yr) T (4.3 x 109 yr) 0 Hydrogen in the core completely converted into He: H burning continues in a shell around the core. He Core + H-burning shell produce more energy than needed for pressure support Expansion and cooling of the outer layers of the star → Red Giant → “Hydrogen burning” (i.e. fusion of H into He) ceases in the core. 0 Helium Core Inactive He Inactive C, O Sch?nberg-Chandrasekhar limit reached x 3a process Red Giant phase 1st dredge-up phase: Surface composition altered (3He enhanced) due to strong convection near surface 0 Long-Period Varia-bility (LPV) Phase Period: { ~ 1000 yr for 5 M0 ~ 105 yr for 0.6 M0 0 M 4 Msun Fusion stops at formation of C,O core. Red dwarfs: He burning never ignites M 0.4 Msun 0 C,O core becomes degenerate Core collapses; outer shells bounce off the hard surface of the degenerate C,O core Formation of a Planetary Nebula Mass Loss f