Supply Chain Integration and eBusiness Strategies供应链集成与电子商务策略.pptVIP

Supply Chain Integration and e-Business Strategies Ranjan Ghosh Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Outline Review Supply Chain Dynamics A new Supply Chain Paradigm Matching Products with Strategies e-Business Opportunities The Dynamics of the Supply Chain The Dynamics of the Supply Chain What are the Causes Promotional sales Volume and Transportation discounts Batching Inflated orders Demand Forecast Long cycle times Lack of Visibility to demand information Consequences Increased safety stock Reduced service level Inefficient allocation of resources Increased transportation costs The Bullwhip Effect:Causes thereof Variability in customer orders Delivery lags, particularly long cycle times Information lags Promotional Campaigns/Variation in Prices Over and Under Ordering Lumpiness in ordering Misperceptions of feedback Chain accumulations The Bullwhip Effect:Managerial Insights Exists, in part, due to the retailer’s need to estimate the mean and variance of demand. The increase in variability is an increasing function of the lead time. The more complicated the demand models and the forecasting techniques, the greater the increase. Centralized demand information can reduce the bullwhip effect, but will not eliminate it. Coping with the Bullwhip Effect in Leading Companies Reduce Variability and Uncertainty - POS - Sharing Information - Year-round low pricing Reduce Lead Times - EDI - Cross Docking Collaborative Channel Management Alliances Vendor managed inventory On-site vendor representatives The Future is Not What it Used to be Reduce cost Increase Profit Increase service level Increase flexibility Reality is Different….. Peapod Example Founded 1989 140,000 members, largest on-line grocer Revenue tripled to $73 million in 1999 1st Quarter of 2000: $25M Sales, Loss: $8M Reality is Different…. Dell Example: Dell Computer has outperformed the competition in terms of shareholder value growth over the eight years period, 1988-1996, by o