Steady Evaporation from a Water Table一个水上的稳定蒸发..pptVIP

Steady Evaporation from a Water Table Following Gardner Soil Sci., 85:228-232, 1958 Why pick on this solution? Of interest for several reasons: ? it is instructive in how to solve simple unsaturated flow problems;  ? it provides very handy, informative results; ? introduced widely used conductivity function. The set-up The problem we will consider is that of evaporation from a broad land surface with a water table near by. Assume: ? The soil is uniform, ? The process is one- dimensional (vertical). ? The system is at  steady state Notice: that since the system is at steady state, the flux must be constant with elevation, i.e. q(z) = q. Getting down to business .. Richards equation is the governing equation At steady state the moisture content is constant in time, thus d?/ dt = 0, and Richards equation becomes a differential equation in z alone Simplifying further ... Since both sides are first derivatives in z, this may be integrated to recover the Buckingham-Darcy Law for unsaturated flow or where the constant of integration q is the vertical flux through the system. Notice that q can be either positive or negative corresponding to evaporation or infiltration. Solving for pressure vs. elevation We would like to solve for the pressure as a function of elevation. Solving for dz we find: which may be integrated to obtain ?h is the dummy variable of integration; ? h(z), or h is the pressure at the elevation z; ?lower bound of this integral is taken  at the water table where h(0) = 0. What next? Functional forms! ?To solve need a relationship between conductivity and pressure. ?Gardner introduced several conductivity functions which can be used to solve this equation, including the exponential relationship Simple, non-hysteretic, doesn’t deal with hae, is only accurate over small pressure ranges Now just plug and chug which may be re-arranged as To solve this we change variables and let or Mo