Surface AreaGrain Size Relations PAWS表面areagrain大小关系的爪子.pptVIP

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Surface AreaGrain Size Relations PAWS表面areagrain大小关系的爪子.ppt

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Surface AreaGrain Size Relations PAWS表面areagrain大小关系的爪子

Surface Area/Grain Size Relations Changes in Surface Area as aFunction of Grain Size Influence of Grain Mineralogy on Surface Area Influence of Coatings on Surface Area Sand-sized and Larger seds.: grain coatings composed of carbonates, Fe Mn oxides and hydroxides, and organic matter are rough in comparison to surface of the underlying particles. Coatings may comprise 5% by weight, but account for significant portion of the total surface area. Grain Size vs. Concentration Semi-systematic increase in concentration with finer-grained material Grain Size vs. Concentration Metals per unit Mass Some deposits may contain so little fine-grained material that the bulk of the metal contaminant per unit mass is found in the sand-sized fraction. * Figure 2.2.8.1, page 31; Horowitz, A.J., 1991. A Primer on Sediment Trace Element Chemistry, 2nd edition, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan. Forstner, U, and Witmann, GTW. Figure 39a and b. page 127. Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment; Springer Verlag, Berlin. Table from Horowitz, 1991; data from Jackson, 1979 Table from Horowitz, 1991; data fromForstner and Wittmann, 1981 Based on Horowitz and Elrick, 1987 Silt and clays sized particles: coatings fill in surface irregularities. Also, cement grains together, creating larger agglomerated grains. Combination of processes reduces surface area. Forstner, U, and Witmann, GTW. Figure 36. page 123. Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment; Springer Verlag, Berlin. Decrease in conc. In finest fraction due to coatings, composition, and agglomeration of grains Increase in fine sand due to dentrital minerals. Also to influx of metal enriched sediments from pollutant sources. Data from Forstner and Wittman, 1979 Concentration vs. Quantity of Fine Sediment Sizes Frequently Used 16 μm 62.5 μm 63 μm 125 μm Data from deGroot et al., 1982 Units of Concentration g/kg = ppm milligrams per kg or parts per billion μg/L micrograms per liter μg/kg or ppb micrograms per kg or ppbn μ