The Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty in Russia俄国罗曼诺夫王朝的衰落与衰落.pptVIP

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The Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty in Russia俄国罗曼诺夫王朝的衰落与衰落.ppt

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The Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty in Russia俄国罗曼诺夫王朝的衰落与衰落

* * * * The Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty in Russia The Last 5 Tsars Alexander I (ruled 1801-1825) Grandson of Catherine the Great Inherited throne after father (Paul I) murdered Ruled Russia during the Napoleonic wars Expanded Russian empire with Finland and part of Poland Initially introduced reforms but later took these back Died of typhus Nicholas I (ruled 1825-1855) Younger brother of Alexander I Decembrist Revolt (1825) Attempted coup after Nicholas I’s older brother, Constantine, declined the throne (after Alexander I died of typhus) Nicholas I’s reaction set the tone for his firm rule of Russia Highly reactionary Principles of “Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationality” Feared nobles’ reaction to potential reforms, such as abolishing serfdom Alexander II (ruled 1855-1881) Crimean War (1853-1856) Loss of war prompted military modernization Universal military conscription Reforms Allowed for early form of corporations (LLCs) 1861—emancipated the serfs Police force Local self-government (zemstvo) Had finished plans for a duma the day before his assassination Assassination Attempts in 1866, 1879, 1880 1881—bomb set by members of Narodnaya Volya (People’s Will), a nihilist group Alexander III (ruled 1881-1894) Along with his son, the future Nicholas II, he witnessed Alexander II’s assassination Anti-Semitism—blamed Jews for his father’s assassination May Laws (1882)—harsh restrictions on all Jews Pogroms—led to Jewish immigration to the U.S. and elsewhere Film reference: “Fiddler on the Roof” Return to principles of “Nationality, Autocracy, and Orthodoxy” Put local control in the hands of appointed officials Secret police Strict censorship Political prisoners exiled to Siberia Died of kidney disease at age 49 Nicholas II (ruled 1894-1917) Married Alexandra, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of Great Britain Their son, Alexei, was a hemophiliac Treated by the “mad monk” Grigori Rasputin Completed the Great Siberian Railway Port at Vladivostok in the east