The Effect of Solar Gravitational Potential On GPS Clocks太阳引力对全球定位系统的影响.pptVIP

The Effect of Solar Gravitational PotentialOn GPS Clocks Tom Van Flandern Thomas B. Bahder Army Research Laboratory PAWG, Colorado Springs 1998 August 19 (last two slides updated 2002 March 30) What affects clock rates? SR: motion slows clocks by the factor (typically 10-8) GR: gravitational potential slows clocks by the factor (typically ? 10-8) N.B. neglected (?10-16) GPS satellite clock rates (ns/day) Orbital speed slowing: 7,200 Gravitational potential slowing at GPS orbital altitude: 14,400 Gravitational potential slowing on Earth’s geoid: 60,300 Net: GPS satellites run faster than clocks on geoid by: 38,700 Question: Why is solar potential effect not included in GPS? Predicted effect: 12-ns amplitude, 12-hour period GPS raw pseudo-ranges show unexplained 12-hour periods correlated with Sun direction Hoffman (1963): Clocks in “freefall” should show no effect. But counter-examples exist. What does not affect clock rates? Cyclotron experiments with meson decay times show that acceleration as such does not affect clock rates even at 1019 g. F = m a and equivalence principle: If acceleration does not affect clocks, gravitational force cannot either. Solar clock-slowing computation Sun’s potential at Earth’s surface is 14 x stronger than Earth’s potential. Mathematica applied to GR metric equation to compute satellite proper time in Sun’s field for any orbit. Lorentz transformation applied to convert from SSB coordinate time to ECI coordinate time. Result: potential and velocity effects from Sun on Earth-satellite cancel! Summary of clock-slowing effects Conclusions Solar potential effect does not exist in GPS data; motion is “forced” Unexplained 12-hour periods correlated with Sun direction must have some other explanation No unresolved relativity issues remain at the 1-meter level for GPS * This presentation will probably involve audience discussion, which will create action items. Use PowerPo