THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY University of Warwick英国东印度公司华威大学.pptVIP

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THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY University of Warwick英国东印度公司华威大学.ppt

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THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY University of Warwick英国东印度公司华威大学

THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY The organisation of the company. Comparison to others. How/why it was more successful. Overview The East India Company (also the English East India Company, and sometimes the British East India Company), was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading with India and China. The oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies, the Company was granted an English Royal Charter, under the name Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies, by Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600. A New East Indian Company was given a Charter by Act of Parliament in 1698 in return for a loan of 2milion to the government. The Old Company had a partial renewal of its charter in 1693, but due to its finances and its personal links with James II which gave it political opponents, the Old Company was criticised as an oligarchy for its own benefit and opposed. In practice it proved impossible to eliminate the Old Company as it had bought part of the New Company’s stock, and the expertise and facilities built up by its servants in Asia proved to be indispensable for successful trade. The two companies were merged in 1708 to form the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, commonly styled the Honourable East India Company, and abbreviated, HEIC; the Company was colloquially referred to as John Company, and in India as Company Bahadur (bahādur: Hindustani, lit. brave) The East India Company traded mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, tea, and opium. However, it also came to rule large swathes of India, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions, to the exclusion, gradually, of its commercial pursuits. Company rule in India lasted until 1858, when, following the events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, and under the Government of India Act 1858, the British Crown assumed direct a