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The Pocket Guide to TCPIP Sockets C Version袖珍指南TCPIP套接字C版
TCP/IP Sockets in C: Practical Guide for Programmers Michael J. Donahoo Kenneth L. Calvert Computer Chat How do we make computers talk? How are they interconnected? Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol (IP) Datagram (packet) protocol Best-effort service Loss Reordering Duplication Delay Host-to-host delivery (not application-to-application) IP Address 32-bit identifier Dotted-quad: 5 - 8 Identifies a host interface (not a host) Transport Protocols Best-effort not sufficient! Add services on top of IP User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Data checksum Best-effort Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Data checksum Reliable byte-stream delivery Flow and congestion control Ports Identifying the ultimate destination IP addresses identify hosts Host has many applications Ports (16-bit identifier) Socket How does one speak TCP/IP? Sockets provides interface to TCP/IP Generic interface for many protocols Sockets Identified by protocol and local/remote address/port Applications may refer to many sockets Sockets accessed by many applications TCP/IP Sockets mySock = socket(family, type, protocol); TCP/IP-specific sockets Socket reference File (socket) descriptor in UNIX Socket handle in WinSock struct sockaddr { unsigned short sa_family; /* Address family (e.g., AF_INET) */ char sa_data[14]; /* Protocol-specific address information */ }; struct sockaddr_in { unsigned short sin_family; /* Internet protocol (AF_INET) */ unsigned short sin_port; /* Port (16-bits) */ struct in_addr sin_addr; /* Internet address (32-bits) */ char sin_zero[8]; /* Not used */ }; struct in_addr { unsigned long s_addr; /* Internet address (32-bits) */ }; Clients and Servers Client: Initiates the connection Server: Passively waits to respond TCP Client/Server Interaction Client Create a TCP socket Establish connection Communicate Close the connection Server Create a TCP socket Assign a port to
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