The Surge of Nationalism民族主义的激增.pptVIP

The Congress of Vienna left the Italian-speaking people politically divided… The industrialized north had very little in common with the agricultural south… Except for the middle class and intellectuals, most Italians clung to the values of the Old Regime The Carbonari spearheaded the revolutions of 1830 believed national unity would enhance individual liberty. Mazzini’s plan was for mass uprisings against Austria and its princes… 1834, 1841, 1843 all failed… 1848- initial successes in Sicily, Tuscany, Piedmont, Lombardy, Venice and the Papal States did not last… Austrian and French forces defeated the new, liberal nationalist govt’s one by one. King Victor Emmanuel chose Cavour to be his PM in 1854 Unlike Mazzini, Cavour was neither a dreamer or a speech maker, but a cautious and practical statesman… Within a few years, Piedmont became a progressive, modern state In 1855 Piedmont joined Britain France against Russia in the Crimean War In 1858 Cavour and Napoleon III reached a secret agreement-If Austria attacked Piedmont, France would help defeat Austria… The plan: Piedmont would annex Lombardy Venetia; France would get Nice Savoy – Napoleon changed his mind! Austrian peace terms benefited Piedmont Napoleon made a separate peace with Austria, allowing Piedmont to take Lombardy but no more. But the partial victory encouraged patriots in Parma, Modena, Tuscany and Romagna to seize power. The new, revolutionary govt’s then voted to join with Piedmont. King Victor Emmanuel chose Cavour to be his PM in 1854 Unlike Mazzini, Cavour was neither a dreamer or a speech maker, but a cautious and practical statesman… Within a few years, Piedmont became a progressive, modern state In 1855 Piedmont joined Britain France against Russia in the Crimean War In 1858 Cavour and Napoleon III reached a secret agreement-If Austria attacked Piedmont, France would help defeat Austria… The plan: Piedmont would annex Lombardy Venetia; France would get Nice Savoy – Napoleon chang