The Wumpus example Laurentian狮头象例子劳伦.pptVIP

D. Goforth, fall 2006 The Wumpus example A toy world for logical exploration Wumpus world A four by four cave with locations identified by coordinates (3,4), etc. Agent is at a location, facing a particular direction (L,R,D,U) Agent starts at (1,1) facing R Wumpus world In the cave is: A wumpus that smells It can kill the agent if at same location It can be killed by the agent shooting an arrow if facing the wumpus. When the wumpus dies, it SCREAMs Wumpus world In the cave are: 3 Pits. Breezes blow from pits. If an agent steps into a pit, it falls to its death. A heap of gold that glitters Wumpus world Agent goal: get gold and get out alive Agent actions: Move forward one square in current direction (Fwd) Turn left or right 90o (TL,TR) Shoot arrow in current direction Grab gold Agent perceptions at each location: [Stench, Breeze, Glitter, Bump, Scream] Wumpus world Cave is created randomly (location of wumpus, pits and gold) Perception / action loop Agent must construct a model – knowledge base about the cave – as it tries to achieve its goal Wumpus world knowledge General knowledge (known at start) Location and direction Living Grab and holding Wumpus and stench, shooting, scream, life Pits and breeze Gold and glitter Movement and location, direction and bumps Starting state of agent Goal Facts (not known) Location of wumpus, pits, gold Wumpus world in propositional logic Facts are propositions: e.g., W44 “Wumpus is at square (4,4) 96 propositions (16 each for wumpus, stench, pit, breeze, gold, glitter) to represent a particular cave General knowledge in sentences: e.g., W44?(S44 ? S43 ? S34) “if the wumpus is at (4,4), there is stench at (4,4), (4,3) and (3,4)” “many” sentences Wumpus world in propositional logic Facts that may change: Location of agent, direction of agent Agent holding gold Agent has shot arrow Agent, wumpus are alive ?timed logic ?proliferation of propositions Wumpus world in FOL the objects in the environment terms: constants, variables, fun