Theories of gravity in 5D braneworld scenarios在5D的膜世界场景引力理论.pptVIP

Theories of gravity in 5D brane-world scenarios 1) Introduction Geometry of spacetime is described by metric tensor g. Matter tells spacetime how to curve and curvature of spacetime tells the matter how to move. Field equations of GR are called Einstein equations. * We know that the proper theory of gravity is General Relativity (GR). Some basic features of GR: Einstein equations: Einstein tensor (describes curvature of spacetime) energy-momentum tensor (describes distribution of matter in the spacetime) 2) Quantization of gravity There is a serious problem with GR: When we try to quantize GR in perturbation method (as one quantizes other fields in quantum field theory) we obtain a nonrenormalizable theory. A nonrenormalizable theory can not be considered as the proper theory. Proposed quantum gravity theories: Loop quantum gravity (LQG) non-perturbative quantization (renormalization problem does not exist) unifies gravity and quantum mechanics only weakness: presently, it is not clear how to explain the existence of dark energy and dark matter within LQG M-theory it is supposed to unify all known interactions (including gravity) it is defined in 11 dimensions fundamental constituents of the universe are strings, membranes and hihger dimensional objects (p-branes) weakness: it makes sense only in the case when supersymmetry is realised in nature even more serious weakness: anuniquence in compactification. 3) Why 5 dimensions? 5 dimensional models are inspired by M-theory. In M-theory we can assume many different topology of additional dimensions. One of the most interesting (the simplest case): Calabi –Yau space, result of the compacification of 6 dimensions Known 4d spacetime The fifth dimension Topology of the fifth dimension: 0 π 0 π Usually it is assumed that size of the fifth dimension is much bigger than the size of Calabi –Yau space. In the 1st approximation we can ignore details of the Calabi-Yau