Theories of Human Development Lycoming College人类发展理论莱卡明学院.pptVIP

Cognitive Development Chapter 7 Does the child reason and remember the same way that you do? How do you know? If the answer to the first question is “no,” make a list of some of the specific differences between the way that you think and the way that the child thinks Cognition – refers to the inner processes and products of the mind that lead to “knowing” Three main approaches to cognitive development Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory Information processing Imagine: You are playing with a six-month-old infant and suddenly leave the room to answer the telephone. You take a four-year-old child’s small cup of juice and empty it into a larger cup. While trying to settle a fight over the TV between a seven-year-old and a 12-year-old, you flip a coin. The seven-year-old loses. Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory Genetic epistemology What is intelligence? helps an organism adapt Cognitive equilibrium Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory Gaining Knowledge: Schemes and Processes Schemes: mental patterns (thought/action) Constructivist approach Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory Adaptation Assimilation Accommodation Equilibration Organization Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory Stage theory Invariant and Universal Order is genetically determined, but many factors affect the speed May not reach highest level Qualitatively different representational and reasoning abilities Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory The Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years) Coordinate sensory inputs and motor skills Transition from being reflexive to reflective Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory Sensorimotor Stage Development of Object Permanence Objects continue to exist when they are no longer visible/detectable Appears by 8-12 months of age A-not-B error: search in the last place found, not where it was last seen Complete by 18-24 months You are playing with a six-month-old infant and suddenly leave the room to answer the