Theories of Personality William Fremd High School人格理论威廉来到高中.pptVIP

Bandura and observational learning Our behavior is shaped by models that we are exposed to Most influential: those we like/respect those who are attractive/powerful those who are similar to us (gender) those who have successful outcomes (good/bad) Bandura and Self-Efficacy belief about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes High=confidence; Low=question ability/anxious These perceptions can influence how we solve problems and how well we perform Studies confirm this (cessation of smoking, exercise programs, greater persistence in academic pursuits) Parents can foster this by: providing a stimulating environment, warm responsiveness, non-punitive disciplinary techniques, etc. William Sheldon-Somatotypes 1940’s Each body type is associated with personality characteristics, representing a correlation between physique and temperament. What could be wrong with this theory? Personality: consistency, talents, values, hopes, loves, hates, habits that make us unique Temperament: heredity aspects, activity levels, prevailing mood, adaptability Character: person judged, friendly, outgoing, attractive Traits: specific long lasting qualities within a person, inferred from observed behavior Trait Theory Trait—durable disposition to behavior in a particular way in a variety of situations honest, impulsive, suspicious, etc. Trait Theories: Most approaches assume that some traits are more basic than others and thus determine other superficial traits Allport—discovers more than 4000 words that describe personality traits Cattell and 16 Factor Factor analysis—correlations among variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables Used to break down Allport’s List Discovers 16 “essential source traits” Source traits- underlying, fundamental attributes of who we are Surface traits- what you can see in our behavior based off of our source traits Creates Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) Hans Eysenck Similar m