USDA Dairy Goat Genetic Evaluation Program Status 美国农业部奶牛遗传评价方案现状.pptVIP

USDA Genetic Evaluation Program for Dairy Goats Why Genetic Evaluations? A valuable tool for genetic selection Allows for comparison of animals in different environments Can include all of the information available for each animal Greatest impact on progress is from selection for males Why Genetic Selection? Genetic selection can improve fitness, utility, and profitability Females must be bred to provide replacements and initiate milk production Mate selection is an opportunity to make genetic change Selection is a Continuous Process Decisions Which females to breed Which males to use Which specific matings to make Which progeny to raise Which females to keep and breed Goals Improve production and efficiency Avoiding inbreeding Correct faults Genetic Improvement Program Phenotype = Genotype + Environment Genetic improvement programs only change genotype Rate of genetic improvement determined by: Generation interval Selection intensity Heritability Heritability is the portion of total variation due to genetics Steps in Genetic Evaluation Define a breeding goal Measure traits related to the goal Record pedigree to allow detection of relationships across generations Identify non-genetic factors that affect records and could bias evaluations Make adjustments Include in the model Define an evaluation model Examples of Breeding Goals Increased milk, fat, or protein yield Increased longevity Optimal number of kids born Improved conformation score (overall and linear) Increased profitability Examples of Non-genetic Factors Age Lactation Season Litter size Milking frequency Herd Data Flow Does on Test at Last Test in 2005By Processing Center Data Validation Incoming data is checked against database for verification Birth date is checked against kidding date Sire and dam are checked against breeding records and ADGA Cross-references are assigned when identification changes Data Validation (Cont.) Cross-references are determined based on control number Abnormal yields a