VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY Montana State 营养形态蒙大纳州.pptVIP

VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY The Life Span of an Individual Plant Annual – Lives for a single growing season. Biennial – Lives for two seasons, growing vegetatively during the first and flowering in the second. Perennial – Lives for three or more years and usually flowers and fruits repeatedly. Plant Habit Herb Subshrub (Suffrutescent plant) Shrub Tree Succulent Vine Liana Epiphyte HerbHelianthus maximiliani Schrad. SubshrubGutierrezia sarothrae ShrubArtemisia tridentata TreeSequoia sempervirens SucculentCactaceae VineConvolvulus arvensis L.  LianaParthenocissus inserta EpiphytesOrchids, bromeliads,and others Roots Usually cylindrical plant axes that lack external nodes and buds. Branch roots arise from the interior of other roots. Usually the portion of a plant that absorbs water and minerals. Most commonly, roots are underground structures, but some plants produce above-ground roots. Types of Roots Adventitious – From stem or leaf tissue rather than the interior of another root. Fibrous – With all portions of the root system of more or less equal thickness, often well branched, and the primary root (taproot) absent or not obvious. Taproot – The major root, usually enlarged and growing downward. Other Types of Roots Aerial – Growing above ground or water. Fleshy – Thick with water or carbohydrate storage tissue. Haustorial – Specialized for penetrating other plants and absorbing water and nutrients from them (as in parasites). Stem Types Aerial stem – Prostrate to erect above-ground stems. These are the most commonly encountered types of stems. Rhizome – Elongated, underground horizontal stem. Stolon – Above ground, horizontal stems called runners. More Stem Types Bulb – An underground stem with many fleshy scale leaves filled with stored food. Corm – A solid underground stem in which food is stored. Tuber – A much enlarged, short, fleshy, underground stem. More Stem Types Bulb – An underground stem with many fleshy scale leaves filled with store