Video Image Stabilization and RegistrationVISAR视频图像稳定和登记VISAR.pptVIP

Flows in the Solar Convection Zone David Hathaway NASA/MSFC National Space Science and Technology Center 2004 July 21 Outline Non-Axisymmetric Flows – Convective Flows Non-Axisymmetric Flows – Flows around Sunspots Axisymmetric Flows – Differential Rotation Axisymmetric Flows – Meridional Circulation Solar Cycle Variability Inter-relationships Conclusions Deep Meridional Flow(Giles 2001) Inversion of travel times with mass-conservation constraint through the whole convection zone (Giles PhD thesis). For r/R0.8 the mean meridional circulation is poleward in both hemispheres and peaks around 25 deg latitude. The data are consistent with a 3 m/s return flow at the base of the convection zone. Latitude Drift of Sunspot Zones Drift Rate vs. Latitude Zonal Flow Variations Torsional Oscillations * Three layers of convection cells: 1801 Granules – Surface to 1000 km 1954 Supergranules – Surface to 30,000 km 1964 Giant Cells – Surface? to 200,000 km Granules Supergranules Giant Cells? Convective Flows Granulation Granulation movies from the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope in La Palma illustrate the evolving granulation pattern. Typical cells are about 1000 km in diameter with lifetimes of about 20 minutes. Granulation Simulations The numerical simulations of Stein Nordlund reproduce the granulation pattern in most details. A “Cork” movie by Fausto Cattaneo shows magnetic elements might be advected into downdrafts. Supergranulation Supergranulation is seen in Doppler velocity observations and in flow field constructed with time-distance helioseismology. Typical cells are about 30,000 km in diameter and have lifetimes of a couple days. Supergranulation in the Interior Duvall et al. (Solar Phys. 1997) used time-distance helioseismology to show that the supergranulation flows extend several thousand kilometers into the sun. Supergranulation Simulations Numerical simulations of supergranulation are not as mature as those for granulation. The mechanism that se