VIRTUE ETHICS University of Dayton美德伦理戴顿大学.pptVIP

VIRTUE ETHICS ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.) Virtue A State Of Character Or Habit Which Is The Result Of Dispositions And Deliberations Prompting Us To Actions Within The Context Of The Human Goods Which We Pursue In Our Lives Habitual Actions Based on Values Virtue (Aristotle’s Definition) A State Of Character Concerned With Choice, Lying In A Mean (I.E., A Mean Relative To Us) This Being Determined By Rational Principles, And By That Principle By Which The Man Of Practical Wisdom Would Determine It Rules And The “Mean” Avoidance Of Strict, Abstract Rules Emphasis On Individual, Concrete Circumstances Hitting The Mean Between Extremes (Excess And Deficiency) “Midpoint” in a Spectrum Some Actions Do Not Admit of a Mean Considerations The Right Person The Right Object The Right Amount The Right Time The Right End The Right Way Virtue History Character Or Habits Played Out Over Time Tolerance Respect For Individual Virtue History Practical Advice Difficult To Hit The Mean Avoid What Is More Contrary To The Mean One Of The Extremes Is More Erroneous Choice Of The Lesser Of Two Evils Avoid That To Which We Are Most Drawn Avoid The Most Pleasurable Virtue EthicsAnd The Principles One Can Move From “Quandry” Ethics Where Questions Or Conflicts Are Resolved By Balancing Principles Against Each Other To The “Deeper Level” Of Promoting, Supporting, And Negotiating The Practice Of Virtues In The Various Roles In An Organization, Which Individuals Occupy. Virtue Ethics Moves, From The Use Of Abstract Principles And Their Applications To Particular Situations, Directly To An Examination Of The Particular Circumstances, Actions, And Agents. * * *