White Wines Stylistic Choices Washington State 白葡萄酒的文体选择华盛顿州.pptVIP

Introduction to Winemaking Part 6: White Wines White Winemaking Techniques Cool Fermentation Protection from oxidation Minimization of skin and seed contact time Direct to press Enzyme addition Barrel Fermentation Tank Fermentation Secondary Fermentation Dry or Sweet Blending Cool Fermentation Most whites are fermented at low temperatures (13 to 21?C) Minimizes loss of volatile flavor compounds that can occur with rapid CO2 generation. Fermentation is generally longer and slower because of low temperature and lower yeast nutrient (pulp, skins and seeds absent). Cool temperatures slow oxidative reactions Protection from Oxidation Oxygen is necessary component for browning reactions Browning occurs when a grape enzyme reacts with phenolic compounds found in pulp, skin and seed and oxygen to produce brown compounds. Minimize skin and seed contact, press early or skip crushing and go “direct to press” Minimize oxygen exposure Add SO2 to inhibit enzyme activity Keep temperature low to slow reactions Barrel Fermentation Temperature is fairly low- small volume allows good heat dissipation Extraction of barrel components (vanilla and toast characters are desired). (Age of barrel matters) Undergo ML in barrel and gain buttery and creamy aspect. Can age on lies longer 6 months to year to gain yeast characters (sur lies aging) Dry or Sweet? Fermentation to dryness or arrest fermentation to leave residual sugar (RS) Arrest Fermentation Lower temperature to 5 ?C Centrifuge Sterile Filtration (0.45 micron pore filter) Late Harvest grapes Moldy grapes Blend with concentrate Botrytis Botrytis cinera is a mold that attacks grapes (noble rot) Under right conditions (high humidity, cracked grapes) the spores will germinate Grapes lose water without gaining raisin flavor Acidity does not change a lot Yields grapes with high brix (30 and above) Concentrates grapes flavors, mold character High production costs for artificial innoculation Blending Keeping lots separate gives gre