whole state is army, property of dynastic family, 整个国家的军队王朝家庭财产.pptVIP

Themes Three Great Gunpowder Empires – Acme of Muslim political power (1500-1700) map Notion of Universal Empire Subjugation of Clergy to State Late Sunni Tradition in full efflorescence Acceptance of religious syncretism Ottoman/Safavid War ? Sunni/Shiite split set in relief The Ottoman Empire Originally a band of raiders, the Ottomans become ‘Caesars’ and masters of an Islamicate world empire; caliphs, ghazis, Caesar, Family of Osman… Pinnacle with Sulayman the Magnificent (r. 1520-66) Territorial peak in 1638; 1529 and 1683 sieges of Vienna Ottoman Religious Life: Bureaucratization and Sufism Ulama are state employees, serving in positions in mosques madrasas and as bureaucrats Syncretic Sufi movements: Ex. Bektashis with eucharist like service, trinity Ibn ‘Arabi’s writings become standard works of study Pictures Tour 2 Tours 1 Safavid Iran Sufi Tariqa become Alid messianic movement and military Safavid tariqa originally Sunni; founded by Shaykh Safi al-Din Founded by Safi al-Din (d. 1334) At some point it becomes militaristic and extremist Shiite on the back of the Qizilbash nomads… culminating with Shah Ismail (d. 1524)… the mahdi and God incarnate Conversion of Iran to 12er Shiism Pinnacle with Shah ‘Abbas (r. 1587-1629) Transition to orthodox 12er Shi’ism Shah and Ulama’ / state and religion pictures Mughal Empire General history: ‘The Indian Timurids’ Akbar (d. 1556-1605) Muslim overlords ruling with cooperation of Hindu princes and population Muslim/Hindu Accretion Sulh-e kul: ‘universal reconciliation’ Rural Sufi tariqas basically Hindu, Hindi writings Akbar becomes vegetarian and prohibits slaughter of animals on certain days to please Hindus and Jains; din ilahi = ‘religion of God’– universal religion with Akbar as head Aurangzeb (d. 1707) and breaking the peace 1679 starts levying jizya (poll tax) on Hindus Movements of Revival and Reform 18th century sees series of (Salafi?) movements in peripheral areas: