Work Measurement University of San Diego Home 工作测量圣地亚哥大学主页.pptVIP

Copyright 2006 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Operational Decision-Making Tools: Work Measurement Beni AsllaniUniversity of Tennessee at Chattanooga Lecture Outline Time Studies Work Sampling New Tools Work Measurement Determining how long it takes to do a job Growing importance in service sector Services tend to be labor-intensive Service jobs are often repetitive Time studies Standard time is time required by an average worker to perform a job once incentive piece-rate wage system based on time study Stopwatch Time Study Basic Steps Establish standard job method Break down job into elements Study job Rate worker’s performance (RF) Compute average time (t) Stopwatch Time Study Basic Steps (cont.) Compute normal time Compute standard time Performing a Time Study Elemental Times Files Elemental standard time files predetermined job element times Predetermined motion times (for micro-motions) Time measurement units TMUs = 0.0006 minute 100,000 TMU = 1 hour Advantages worker cooperation unnecessary workplace uninterrupted performance ratings unnecessary consistent. Disadvantages ignores job context may not reflect skills and abilities of local workers * * Operations Management Chapter 8 Supplement Roberta Russell Bernard W. Taylor, III With this PDA, you can study elements, time, performance rate, and statistical confidence intervals can be created, edited, managed, and downloaded to a spreadsheet Normal Cycle Time = NT = ?Nt Normal Time = (Elemental average) x (rating factor) Nt = (t )(RF) ST = (NT)(1 + AF) Standard Time = (normal cycle time) x (1 + allowance factor) Time Study Observation Sheet Identification of operation Sandwich Assembly Date 5/17 Operator Approval Observer Smith Jones Russell Cycles Summary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ??t Nt RF t Place ham, cheese, and lettuce on bread 1 2 3 4 Grasp and lay out bread slices Spread mayonnaise on both slices Place top on sandwich, Slice, and stack t t t t R R R R .11 .44 .79 1.13 1.47 1.83 2.21 2.60 2.98 3.3