Image Sharpening Edge detection.pptVIP

Image Sharpening (Edge detection) 一,什么是锐化(sharpening)? 二,图像锐化的基本思想. 三，梯度锐化的方法----微分法 四，图像边缘锐化的其他的微分法 what is edge of image? Edges are places in the image with strong intensity contrast. Since edges often occur at image locations representing object boundaries, edge detection is extensively used in image segmentation when we want to divide the image into areas corresponding to different objects. Representing an image by its edges has the further advantage that the amount of data is reduced significantly while retaining most of the image information. Since edges consist of mainly high frequencies, we can, in theory, detect edges by applying a high-pass frequency filter in the Fourier domain or by convolving the image with an appropriate kernel in the spatial domain. In practice, edge detection is performed in the spatial domain, because it is computationally less expensive and often yields better results. 一,什么是锐化(sharpening)? 图像锐化处理的目的是使模糊的图像变的清晰,增强图像的边缘,从而使得目标物体的边缘变的鲜明,以便于计算机提取目标物体的边界. As averaging of the pixels over a region is analogous to integration, differentiation can be expected to have the opposite effect and thus sharpen an image. 在频率域,图像模糊是滤掉了图像中高频分量,因而锐化可以看成是加强图像中的高频成分,减弱图像中低频分量,所以是高通滤波过程.所以应该注意的是能够进行锐化处理的图像必须具有比较高的信噪比,否则图像锐化之后的信噪比会很底,影响图像质量. 二,图像锐化的基本思想. 2.1图像边缘的特点 图像边缘信息在图像分析和人的视觉中都是十分重要的，是图像识别中提取图像特征的一个重要依据。形式上图像边缘意味着图像局部特性的不连续性。本质上边缘意味着一个区域的结束和另外一个区域的开始。 图像的边缘可以用两个特征来描述: 方向和幅度. Edges are pixels where brightness function changes abruptly. We can describe changes of continuous functions using derivatives. Brightness function depends on two variables co-ordinates in the image plane and so operators describing edges are expressed using partial derivatives. 根据这个特点,经典的边缘特征提取的方法是考虑图像的每个像素在某个邻域内的变化,然后利用边缘某个邻域内的一阶微分(梯度)或者两阶微分变化规律,来检测边缘. One order derivative and second order derivative: one ord