Impact Dynamics台湾.pptVIP

Impact Dynamics 撞擊力學 Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Impact Dynamics Situations involving impact–the collision of two or more solid–are currently receiving widespread attention. At one time, impact problems were primarily of concern to military. Now however, as civilian technology grows more sophisticated, severe demands are being made on the behavior of materials under very short duration loading. Safe and cost-effective design demands a rigorous understanding of the behavior of material and structures subjected to intense impulsive loading for such diverse applications as: Introduction Introduction Introduction The study of impact phenomena involves a variety of classical disciplines. In the low–velocity regime (250 m/s) many problems fall in the area of structural dynamics. Local indentations or penetrations are strongly coupled to the overall deformation of structure. Typically, loading and response times are in the millisecond regime. As the striking velocity increases (0.5-2km/s) the response of the structure becomes secondary to the behavior of the material within a small zone (typically 2-3 projectile diameters) of the impact area. A ware description of the phenomena is appropriate and the influences of velocity, geometry, material constitution, strain rate, localized plastic flow, and failure are manifest at various stages of the impact process. Typically, loading and reaction times are on the order of microseconds. Still further increases in impact velocity (2-3km/s) result in localized pressures that exceed the strength of the material by an order of magnitude. in effect, the colliding solids can be treated as fluids in the early stages of impact. At ultra-high velocities (12km/s) energy deposition occurs at such a high rate that an explosive vaporization of colliding materials results. Introduction Impact phenomena can be characterized in a number of ways: according to the impact angle, the geometric and mate