productionofcommerciallysuitable.docVIP

Production of Commercially Suitable Pectin methylesterase and Polyphenol oxidase from Agro-industrial Wastes By ?ebnem ??M?EK A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department : Food Engineering Major : Food Engineering ?zmir Institute of Technology ?zmir, Turkey July, 2004 We approve the thesis of ?ebnem ??M?EK Date of Signature 23.07.2004 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet YEMEN?C?O?LU Supervisor Department of Food Engineering 23.07.2004 Prof. Dr. ?ebnem HARSA Department of Food Engineering 23.07.2004 Assist. Prof. Dr. O?uz BAYRAKTAR Department of Chemical Engineering 23.07.2004 Prof. Dr. ?ebnem HARSA Head of Food Engineering Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Assoc. Prof. Ahmet Yemenicio?lu for his guidance, supervision, encouragement, and support at all steps of this study. I am also grateful to my family for their support, encouragement, and understanding. ABSTRACT In this study, some simple and effective extraction and/or partial purification procedures were developed to obtain pectin methylesterase (PME) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes from orange peels and mushroom stems, respectively. Also, some characteristics of enzymes were investigated and their stable preparations were obtained in liquid or lyophilized forms. Valencia orange peels contain considerable PME activity (300-350 mL NaOH/min/100 g) that is quite stable during season for at least 5 months. The enzyme was ionically bound to cell walls and can not be extracted by homogenization with water. However, the addition of suitable amounts of NaCl (10 g /100 g extraction mixture) to pellet, obtained by homogenization of peels several times with water, and 30 min mi