论刑法解释中的词义分析法.pdfVIP

· 44· 法律科学(西北政法学院学报) 2006年第l期 文章编号：1671—6914(2006)01—0044一(09) 论刑法解释中的词义分析法 王政勋 (北京大学法学院，北京100871；西北政法学院，陕西西安710063) (摘 要] 词义解释是刑法解释的基础，只有理解了词义才能掌握语篇的意义，而词义只有在语篇中才能得 到正确理解。词义分析法包括语素分析法、多义词辨析法和同义词分析法。语素分析法是词义解释的基础，进行 语素分析时，应正确确定构词方式，搞清语素义和词义的关系。辨析多义词时应搞清楚多义词的意义，区别其语文 意义和规范意义，并在上下文和语境中确定多义词不同的规范意义。辨析同义词的方法有训诂法、替换法和义素 分析法。每种方法都有其价值和局限性，应该把各种方法结合起来。 [关键词] 刑法解释；词义分析；语素分析；多义词辨析；同义词分析 Abstract：Semantic interpretation is the foundation of the criminal law interpretation．Only by understanding the meaning of words can we grasp the meaning of the whole text，and the meaning of words could be understood correctly only in the text．The semantic analysis methods include morphemes analysis method，polysemants differentiation method and synonyms analysis method．The morphemes anal ysis method is the foundation of the semantic interpretation．So while analyzing the morphemes，we should confirm the word—building way correctly，clarify the relationship between the meaning of morphemes and the meaning of words．While differentiating the polysemants，we should make clear the mean— ing of them，distinguish their philological meaning and normative meaning，and confirm their different normative mean— ings in the context．The synonyms anal ysis methods are comt~ t of critical interpretation of ancient texts method，alter— nate method and sememe analyNs method．As each kind of method has its value and limitation，these various kinds of methods should be combined． Key Words：criminal law interpretation，semantic analysis，morphemes analysis，polysemants differentiation，syn— onyms analyNs 中图分类号：DF61 文献标识码：A 一 般认为，刑法解释包括文理解释和论理解释， 根据立法原意不得不进行不同的解释”。【2j(PI33) 文理解释具有优先性。拉伦茨说：“由一般的语言用 单字组成词语，词语组成句子，句子组成段落，段 法获得的字义，其构成解释的出发