Effect of an increased thermal contact resistance in a salt PCM-graphite foam composite TES system.pdfVIP

Renewable Energy 106 (2017) 321e334 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Renewable Energy journal homepage: /locate/renene Effect of an increased thermal contact resistance in a salt PCMgraphite foam composite TES system P. Gimenez, A. Jove, C. Prieto, S. Fereres* Abengoa Research S.L., Abengoa, Energía Solar St. 1, Campus Palmas Altas, 41014 Seville, Spain article info Article history: Received 17 May 2016 Received in revised form 5 December 2016 Accepted 15 January 2017 Available online 17 January 2017 Keywords: Phase change material Carbon foam Thermal conductivity Thermal contact resistance abstract Thermal Energy Storage systems using inorganic salts as Phase Change Materials (PCM) are ideal solutions for solar thermal direct steam generation power plants. However, the main limitation of these PCM is their low thermal conductivity. Though a composite PCM solution including graphite foam will increase the effective thermal conductivity of the storage material, the system performance is limited by the thermal contact resistance at the heat exchanger surface. An in?ltrated PCM (sodium nitrate, NaNO3) in different commercial graphite foam structures, with variable porosity and apparent density is analyzed experimentally and numerically. The thermal properties of the PCM and the graphite matrix are experimentally determined to calculate effective properties of the composite. The performance of the composite PCM-graphite foam in a heat exchanger with embedded metallic tubes is analyzed for each foam type. During system operation, the difference in thermal expansion coef?cients between the composite PCM and metallic tubes creates a void at the interface, which is gradually ?lled by the liquid salt. The effect on the discharge process of this low thermal conductivity layer forming around the steel tube is evaluated numerically, analyzing the deviation from the expected thermal performance of the ideal system. ? 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduc