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Soldier-relevant body borne loads increase knee joint contact force during a run-to-stop maneuver.pdf

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Soldier-relevant body borne loads increase knee joint contact force during a run-to-stop maneuver.pdf

Journal of Biomechanics 49 (2016) 3868–3874 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Biomechanics journal homepage: /locate/jbiomech www.JB Soldier-relevant body borne loads increase knee joint contact force during a run-to-stop maneuver John W. Ramsay a,n, Clifford L. Hancock a, Meghan P. O’Donovan a, Tyler N. Brown b,c a Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA b Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA c Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Belcamp, MD, USA article info Article history: Accepted 16 October 2016 Keywords: Load carriage Knee contact force Run to stop OpenSim Leg stiffness abstract The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of load carriage on human performance, speci?cally during a run-to-stop (RTS) task. Using OpenSim analysis tools, knee joint contact force, grounds reaction force, leg stiffness and lower extremity joint angles and moments were determined for nine male military personnel performing a RTS under three load con?gurations (light, $ 6 kg, medium, $ 20 kg, and heavy, $ 40 kg). Subject-based means for each biomechanical variable were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA to test the effects of load. During the RTS, body borne load signi?cantly increased peak knee joint contact force by 1.2 BW (p o0.001) and peak vertical (po 0.001) and anteriorposterior (p? 0.002) ground reaction forces by 0.6 BW and 0.3 BW, respectively. Body borne load also had a signi?cant effect on hip (p? 0.026) posture with the medium load and knee (p? 0.046) posture with the heavy load. With the heavy load, participants exhibited a substantial, albeit non-signi?cant increase in leg stiffness (p ?0.073 and d?0.615). Increases in joint contact force exhibited during the RTS were primarily due to greater GRFs that impact the soldier with each incremental addition of body borne load. The stiff leg, extended knee and large braking force the soldiers exhibited with the heavy load s