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The evolution of rules for access to megascience research environments viewed from Canadian experience.pdf
Research Policy 29 2000 169–179
www.elsevier.nllocateeconbase
The evolution of rules for access to megascience research
environments viewed from Canadian experience
Cooper H. Langford , Martha Whitney Langford
Faculty of General Studies, Uniersity of Calgary, 2500 Uniersity Drie NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
Abstract
After the Second World War, a criterion for access to megascience facilities which focused only on the scientific quality
of experiments and not on problem orientation or economic impact emerged. This has been a boon to scientists from smaller
communities, including the Canadian. However, policy-makers now increasingly look to specific economic, social, or
political return on investments. The ‘‘free access’’ model is actively defended in the scientific community but is currently
under pressure. In fact, the ‘‘free access’’ model has never been applied in all disciplines. This paper considers the origin
and limit of the ‘‘free use based on scientific quality’’ approach to access to major facilities. The issue is particularly
relevant for smaller scientific communities. In consequence, data from the experience of Canadian astronomers and
physicists is reported to illustrate the trends. Access rules depend on the role of the three major partners, academia,
government, and industry, and provide an important indicator of the structure of the triple helix partnership. We see an
evolution from simpler prewar relations through the period dominated by academic science to the present complex of
relationships that are still in evolution. 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Megascience; Facility access;
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