英语基础知识之句子成分 [2].docVIP

英语基础知识之句子成分 词类 作用 例 词 1. （n.）名词 表示人或事物的名称。 I bought a book. She is a student. 2. (pron.）代词 代替名词、数词等。 This is my friend. He likes that book because　it is very useful to him. 3. （adj.） 形容词 表示人或事物的特征或性状。 He is small but he is clever. The red pen is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday. 4. (num.）数词 表示数目或顺序。 There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one. 5. （v.）动词 表示动作或状态。 We are working hard at English. I want to become an engineer. 6.（adv.）副词 表示动作的特征或性状特征。 I like English very much. The teacher treats us kindly . The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介词 表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。 He usually stay at home on Sundays. 8. （conj.）连词 连接词与词或句与句的作用。 He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I can’t . 9. (interj.）感叹词 表示强烈的感情 Oh! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness! 10. （art.）冠词 用来限制名词的意义 I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong. subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______ 。（划出下列句子的主语） 1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun. 二、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态，通常由______ 充当。 动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。（划出下列句子的谓语） 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. △情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语. They can speak English well. They are playing over there. 系动词有哪些： 1）状态系动词，表示主语状态，只有be一词 He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词，表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词，表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet. 5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 三、宾语 宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面. 1.We st