软件测试ST03_Logic_Coverage.pptx

软件测试与质量保证 申明：本课件是在原书作者课件基础上编制，仅用于课堂教学，不得用于任何商业目的的活动。 1 Logical Coverage Chapter 3 逻辑覆盖 第3章 OUTLINE Overview: Logic Predicates and Clauses Logical Expression Coverage Criteria Structural Logical Coverage of Programs Specification-Based Logic Coverage Logical Coverage of Finite State Machines Disjunctive Normal Form Criteria（Master Level） 4 大纲 概览：逻辑谓词和子句 逻辑表达式覆盖标准 程序结构化逻辑覆盖 基于规约的逻辑覆盖 有限状态机的逻辑覆盖 析取范式标准（硕士水平） 5 Ch. 3 : Logic Coverage Four Structures for Modeling Software 6 第三章: 逻辑覆盖 软件建模的四种结构 7 Covering Logic Expressions Logic expressions show up in many situations Covering logic expressions is required by the US Federal Aviation Administration for safety critical software Logical expressions can come from many sources Decisions in programs FSMs and statecharts Requirements Tests are intended to choose some subset of the total number of truth assignments to the expressions 8 覆盖逻辑表达式 逻辑表达式出现在许多情况下 美国联邦航空管理局的安全性至关重要的软件标准要求覆盖逻辑表达式 逻辑表达式可以有多种来源 决策程序 FSMs和状态图 需求 测试的目的是选择事实总数中的一些子集分配到表达式 9 Logic Predicates and Clauses A predicate is an expression that evaluates to a boolean value Predicates can contain boolean variables non-boolean variables that contain , , ==, =, =, != boolean function calls Internal structure is created by logical operators ? – the negation operator ? – the and operator ? – the or operator ? – the implication operator ? – the exclusive or operator ? – the equivalence operator A clause is a predicate with no logical operators 10 逻辑谓词和子句 一个谓词的表达式是一个布尔值 谓词可以包含 布尔变量 非布尔变量包含、、= =、 =、 =、! = 布尔函数调用 内部结构是由逻辑运算符构建 ? – 取反操作符 ? – 和操作符 ? – 或操作符 ? – 蕴涵操作符 ? – 异或操作符 ? – 等价操作符 子句是不含任何逻辑操作符的谓词 11 Examples (a b) ? f (z) ? D ? (m = n*o) Four clauses: (a b) – relational expression f (z) – boolean-valued function D – boolean variable (m = n*o) – relational expression Most predicates have few clauses It would be nice to quantify that claim! Sources of predicates Decisions in programs Guards in finite state machines Decisions in UML activity graphs Requirement