英语句法和词法（2015年9月）.pptVIP

英语词法和句法 What is English? What are the differences between Chinese and English? 一个老汉有个女儿，在一中上学，已打了电 话，下午就回来，赶紧上街买点肉，吃顿好的。 松下问童子，言师采药去。 只在此山中，云深不知处。 汉语：一个汉语的句子，不管是一句还是多句只要表达一个完整的意思就算一个完整的句子，后面打句号。汉语多流水句，即一个句号里面可以有多个谓语。汉语语言的实质是意合，意尽为界。 请同学们说出一个主谓结构能反映哪些信息？ A girl comes. She is beautiful. I like her. I give her a ring. I will make her happy. In the sunshine, a young girl with long black hair comes slowly towards me. She was very beautiful. I fall in love with her at first sight (immediately). I give her a shining diamond ring to ask her to marry me. I will make happy forever. 各词类的关系： 各词类与成分的对应关系： 主语：n. (短语); pron.(主格); num. 宾语：n. (短语); pron(宾格/反身代词); num. 同位语：n.(短语); pron. 谓语：verb/be 表/定/补足语：adj; n; adv; prep短语 状语: adv; prep短语 并列 并列成分：两个或两个以上的对等结构通过并列连词连接起来可以做同一个句子的并列成分。 并列连词：and; but; or; so; not only…but (also)…; not…but…; either…or…; neither…nor…; A rather than B (是A而不是B); e.g. My room is small but comfortable. I can speak neither Japanese nor French. Clearness rather than loudness is often the requirement in speaking. Taking a shower in the morning not only helps you wake up more quickly, but (also) makes you feeling energetic. 改错： ①The little girl can both sing and dancing. ②My father is good at singing and cook. ③They waved their hands and say hello to us. ④The students sat in the classroom, talking and laughter. ⑤The man drove his car fast but careful. ⑥The boy was late and punishing by his teacher. 并列句： 两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词连接起来构成并列句。 The sun is shining and I feel warm. I failed the exam again but I won’t give up. Get up early or you’ll miss the early bus. At first, I like learning English very much, and my English grade is improving because I often watch English movies and TV drama, besides, The language is very useful and important to me. 主从复合句 主从+谓语动词+其他 主语+be+表从 主语+谓语（vt) +宾从 主语+be+表语性adj.+宾从 主语+谓语+…介词+ 宾从 …名词+同位语从句 …名词（先行词）+定语从句 主句+状从 状从，+主句 谓语动词和非谓语动词 非谓语基