词汇和语法知识对弟二语言口语流利程度的影响.pptVIP

The role of vocabulary and grammar knowledge in second-language oral fluency: A correlational study Nel de Jong, Free University Amsterdam Laura Halderman, University of Pittsburgh SLRF 2009, Michigan State University Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Oral Fluency in L2 Speakers Broad vs. narrow definition (Lennon, 1990) Broad: general oral proficiency Narrow: speed and smoothness of oral delivery Oral fluency depends on fast and automatic retrieval of vocabulary and processing of grammar knowledge (e.g., Levelt, 1999; Kormos, 2006; Schmidt, 1992) Lexical and grammatical knowledge play a large role in second language oral fluency Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Lexical knowledge Lexical retrieval in writing Lexical retrieval training of words lead to greater use of those items and more essential content elements were expressed. No effect on global text quality. (Snellings et al., 2004) Lack of (access to) lexical knowledge is a major cause of dysfluencies (Hilton, 2007) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Aspects of Lexical Knowledge Breadth How many words a person knows Greater breadth leads to fewer lexical searches Depth How well a person knows a word Greater depth leads to easier integration into context Lexical retrieval speed How fast a person retrieves a word Faster retrieval leads to less dysfluencies Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Grammatical knowledge Automatic syntactic encoding is fast and requires little attention (Anderson et al., 2004; Kormos, 2006; Segalowitz Hulstijn, 2003) Automaticity leads to oral fluency (De Jong Perfetti, in preparation; Towell, Hawkins, Bazergui, 2006) Implicit grammatical knowledge can tell