Unit 1 Great scientists 过去分词作定语和表语学案 人教版必修五.docVIP

过去分词作定语 [例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。[来源:学科网] 1. The recovered animals will be released soon. 2. We needed much more qualified workers. 3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples. 4. He is a teacher loved by his students. 5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. [自我归纳] 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成并具有_____意义（见句1）。此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由_____动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。 2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。 [拓展] 1. 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves落叶；retired workers退休工人；the risen sun升起的太阳。 2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town. 3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如： Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. [辨析] 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别： 动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，表示动作正在进行；而过去分词作定语时，则表示被动或完成意义。如： Mr Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses paid vacation to China. [自我归纳] 过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成_____结构，表示主语的性质、特征和_____。 [辨析] 1. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。如： The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. The library is now closed. 2. 过去分词作表语与动词-ing形式作表语的区别：过去分词作表语表示被动或完成，动词-ing形式作表语表示主动或进行。如： She was embarrassed because she didn’t know the answer. Today’s meeting was boring. 3. 有些动词如interest, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如： The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. [强化训练] 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。 1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 2. The Emperor’s New Clothes is an ______ text. All of us are ______ about it.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K] A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited 3. With ______