[名校联盟]江苏省徐州市王杰中学高三英语语法要点精讲 名词性从句.docVIP

在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中能担任主语，表语，宾语，同位语，介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中的句法功能，名词性从句又可以分为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。本单元主要介绍由疑问词引导的名词性从句。疑问词有两类，即疑问代词(what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose) 和疑问副词(when, where, how, why)。疑问代词通常在从句中作主语，表语和宾语。疑问副词则通常在从句中作状语（时间状语，地点状语，方式状语或原因状语）。请看如下例句，并试着分析作引导词的疑问词在从句中所担任的成分。 What he said at the meeting confused everyone present. The little boy ate whatever his mother gave him. Please give some suggestion which book I should choose among these. The problem is who/whom I should turn to for help. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. When we will go skating is up to you to make a decision. I insisted upon an answer to my question why he had done it. There is a doubt how they managed to travel to the moon. 运用名词性从句时的注意点： 1) 关于that的省略 一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。 ①介词后面的that不能省。 Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. ②并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，第二个及以后的宾语从句中的that不省略。 My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. ③主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. ④宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。 He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. 2) 名词性从句的词序[来源:学科网ZXXK] 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：[来源:Z*xx*k.Com] He asked me what was the matter with me. We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house. Whatever you say will interest us all. 3) whether和if的用法 ①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：[来源:Zxxk.Com] It all depends on whether they will come back. ②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：[来源:学.科.网] I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. ③主语从句，表语从句中只能用whether。如： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money. ④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如： We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. ⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如： The question of