精品中考考点之动词不定式讲义.doc

中考考点动词（动词不定式） 动词不定式即to do ，其否定形式是not to do；不定式没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式用作主语 动词不定式用作主语时,常用代词it 来代替不定式结构,这时 it 被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后. e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well. It’s adj. （for sb.) to do sth. 当形容词是careful, clever, kind, nice, good, right, wrong等与人有关的“赞美”或“批评”时用of. 如：It’s kind of you to help me. 相关句型：It’s time to do sth. It’s one’s duty to do sth It’s one’s turn to do sth It takes sb some time to do sth It costs sb some money to do sth 2.动词不定式做宾语 结构一：动词 + to do I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you. 归纳： want ,hope ,wish,learn ,agree plan , decide ,refuse,begin ,start to do sth try, forget ,remember , like ,stop 扩展：只能跟ving 的动词： finish, enjoy, mind, keep(on), practise, feel like(want), be busy，give up, look forward to，can’t help doing, 比较：begin ,start , like ,hate, prefer to do 一次性、习惯性，doing持续性、长期性 try, forget , remember , stop to do sth/doing 结构二：动词+疑问词+to do 在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what,who,which）或连接副词（how,when,where）及连词whether后面接一个带to的不定式，我们可以将这种结构看成是连接词引导的宾语从句的简略形式。事实上，这些连词都是由相应的疑问词转化而来的，其中whether对应于一般疑问句。 如： I ask who to invite.(=who I should invite) I don’t know whether to answer his letter. Show me what to do. 此类动词有： ask,consider,decide,forget,find out,imagine,know,learn,remember,see,tell,teach,think,understand 3.用作宾语补足语：v. + 名词/代词 + to do She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time. Edison’s mother taught him to read and write. 归纳： 动词不定式做宾补通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后 注意：作宾语补足语不带to 的情况： Let me do it. I saw him cross the street. 常见动词有： 使役动词: let, make, have sb do sth 感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, notice sb do/doing sth 此类动词变被动语态时需加to: make sb do sth. →sb be made to do sth. 比较： I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room. 4. 用作定语（应放在被修饰词之后，这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略） He is the best man to choose. They